SAMBA II is a device that gives instant results for the detection of the HIV virus. Designed specifically for resource-poor settings, it simplifies the steps normally required by the complex chemistry so that minimally trained personnel can perform the test easily and accurately in rural clinics. Results are given to the patients while they are still on site and thus reduce delay to treatment or loss-to-follow-up. SAMBA II will transform the lives of millions living with HIV in Africa, especially in HIV-exposed infants who have a one in two chance of early death if the infection is not diagnosed and treated within the first 6 weeks of life.